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Short Message Service (SMS)
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Short Message Service (SMS) is a service available on most digital mobile phones
that permits the sending of short messages (also known as text messages, messages,
or more colloquially SMSes, texts or even txts) between mobile phones, other handheld
devices and even landline telephones.
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Larger content (known as long SMS or concatenated SMS) can be sent segmented over
multiple messages, in which case each message will start with a user data header
(UDH) containing segmentation information. The receiving phone is then responsible
for reassembling the message and presenting it to the user as one long message.
While the standard theoretically permits up to 255 segments, 3 to 4 segment messages
are the practical maximum, and long messages are billed as equivalent to multiple
SMS messages. Short messages can also be used to send binary content such as ringtones
or logos, as well as OTA programming or configuration data. Such uses are a vendor-specific
extension of the GSM specification and there are multiple competing standards, although
Nokia's Smart Messaging is by far the most common.
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Because of the limited message lengths and tiny user interface of mobile phones,
SMS users commonly make extensive use of abbreviations, particularly the use of
numbers for words (for example, "4" in place of the word "for"), the omission of
vowels, as in the phrase "txt msg", or the replacement of spaces with capitalization,
such as "ThisIsVeryCool". To avoid the even more limited message lengths allowed
when using Cyrillic or Greek letters, some Eastern Europeans use the Latin alphabet
for their own language. Historically, this language developed out of shorthand used
in chatrooms on the Internet, where users would abbreviate some words to allow a
response to be typed more quickly. However, this became much more pronounced in
SMS, where mobile phone users don't generally have access to a QWERTY keyboard as
chatroom users did, and more effort is required to type each character.
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In Mandarin Chinese, numbers that sound similar to words are used in place of those
words. For example, the numbers 520 in Chinese ("wu er yi") sound like the words
for "I love you" ("wo ai ni"). The sequence 748 ("qi si ba") sounds like the curse
for "drop dead". Predictive text software that attempts to guess words (AOL's T9)
or letters (Eatoni's LetterWise) reduces the labor of time-consuming input. This
makes abbreviations not only less necessary, but slower to type than regular words
which are in the software's dictionary. However it does make the texts longer, often
requiring the text message to be sent in multiple parts and therefore costing more
to send.
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